The two words are often used interchangeably, and their meaning depends on which standards your market follows. In everyday use, switchgear means the equipment that switches and protects a power system at any voltage, while a switchboard is a low-voltage panel that distributes power to circuits in a building or plant.
In North American practice
The terms have specific meanings. A switchboard is a low-voltage assembly, usually 600 V or less, built to UL 891, with fixed or plug-in moulded-case breakers and front access. Low-voltage switchgear is a heavier, compartmented assembly built to UL 1558 and ANSI C37 standards, with draw-out power circuit breakers that can be removed for maintenance. Medium-voltage metal-clad switchgear is a separate class again.
In IEC practice
Most of the world, including China, follows IEC. Low-voltage assemblies are covered by IEC 61439 whether they are called switchboards, distribution boards or LV switchgear, and medium-voltage equipment is covered by IEC 62271-200. The difference is described by voltage, form of separation and whether breakers are withdrawable, not by the name.
Side by side
| Switchboard | Switchgear | |
|---|---|---|
| Voltage | Low voltage | Low, medium or high voltage |
| Breakers | Usually fixed or plug-in moulded-case | Often withdrawable power or vacuum breakers |
| Compartments | Fewer internal barriers | Separated compartments for breaker, busbar and cables |
| Typical use | Building and plant distribution | Substations, main intakes, industrial and utility networks |
| Main standards | UL 891 (North America), IEC 61439 | UL 1558 / ANSI C37, IEC 62271-200, IEC 61439 |
What to specify when sourcing from China
- State the voltage level and the standard the equipment must meet, IEC or UL/ANSI
- For low voltage, specify the form of internal separation (for example Form 3b or Form 4b) and whether breakers must be withdrawable
- Ask for type test reports that match the exact design
- If you need UL listing, confirm the manufacturer already holds it; most Chinese switchgear is built to IEC and GB standards
Chinese manufacturers usually call medium-voltage panels 开关柜 (switchgear) and low-voltage panels 低压开关柜 or 配电柜 (low-voltage switchgear or distribution cabinets). Using these terms in your enquiry avoids confusion.